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Terminal Objective:
At the completion of Pre-Hospital Pharmacology the paramedic student will be able to integrate pathophysiological principles of pharmacology and patient assessment findings to formulate a field impression, implement a pharmacologic management plan and safely and precisely administer medications via intravenous, intraosseous, intramuscular, subcutaneous or oral routes while establishing and implementing a treatment plan for the patient requiring resuscitation.
Course Outline
I. Pharmacology
II. Venous Access and Medication Administration
III. Pre-Hospital Resuscitation
PROGRAM BEHAVIORAL OBJECTIVES**
Behavioral attributes of the MICT student and certified MICT are very important. Because of this, we have developed behavioral objectives for the Cowley MICT student. These objectives are based on what is required of an MICT and employer expectations.
At the conclusion of the program, the MICT student must exhibit appropriate behavior in the following areas:
Other behavioral objectives, found in specific curricular areas, have also been developed as well (these are found in the specific class objectives). We strongly believe that the entry level MICT must have the knowledge, ability to perform and have obtained appropriate professional behaviors.
KEY TO CLASSIFICATION OF OBJECTIVES
(B) - Denotes a behavioral objective
(C) - Denotes a cognitive objective
(M) - Denotes a psychomotor objective
** Denotes objectives added to curriculum by Cowley
I. Pharmacology
**Unit Objective: At the completion of this unit, the paramedic student will be able to differentiate medications by recognizing the different names (chemical, generic or trade) their sources, classification, legislative acts governing usage, properties and routes of administration.
*Describe historical trends in pharmacology.(C)
*Differentiate among the chemical, generic (nonproprietary), and trade (proprietary) names of a drug.(C)
*List the four main sources of drug products.(C)
*Describe how drugs are classified.(C)
*List the authoritative sources for drug information.(C)
*List legislative acts controlling drug use and abuse in the United States.(C)
*Differentiate among Schedule I, II, III, IV, and V substances.(C)
*List examples of substances in each schedule.(C)
*Discuss standardization of drugs.(C)
*Discuss investigational drugs, including the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval process and the FDA classifications for newly approved drugs.(C)
*Discuss special consideration in drug treatment with regard to pregnant, pediatric and geriatric patients.(C)
*Discuss the paramedic's responsibilities and scope of management pertinent to the administration of medications.(C)
**Review the specific anatomy and physiology pertinent to pharmacology with additional attention to body fluids, electrolytes and acid-base balance.(C)
*Review the specific anatomy and physiology pertinent to pharmacology with additional attention to autonomic pharmacology.(C)
*List and describe general properties of drugs.(C)
*List and describe liquid and solid drug forms.(C)
*List and differentiate routes of drug administration.(C)
*Differentiate between enteral and parenteral routes of drug administration.(C)
*Describe mechanisms of drug action.(C)
*List and differentiate the phases of drug activity, including the pharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic phases.(C)
*Describe the process called pharmacokinetics, pharmocodynamics, including theories of drug action, drug-response relationship, factors altering drug responses, predictable drug responses, iatrogenic drug responses, and unpredictable adverse drug responses.(C)
*Differentiate among drug interactions.(C)
*Discuss considerations for storing and securing medications.(C)
*List the component of a drug profile by classification.(C)
*List and describe drugs that the paramedic may administer according to local protocol, to include the following information: trade and generic names, class, pharmacological actions, uses, adult doses, side effects, contraindications, plasma half-life, excretion, methods of administration, antidotes, precautions, and the pediatric and neonatal doses.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles of pharmacology with patient assessment.(C)
*Synthesize patient history information and assessment findings to form a field impression.(C)
*Synthesize a field impression to implement a pharmacologic management plan.(C)
*Assess the pathophysiology of a patient's condition by identifying classifications of drugs.(C)
*Serve as a model for obtaining a history by identifying classifications of drugs.(B)
*Defend the administration of drugs by a paramedic to affect positive therapeutic results.(B)
*Advocate drug education through identification of drug classifications.(B)
II. Venous Access and Medication Administration
**Unit Objective: At the completion of this unit, the paramedic student will be able to calculate medication dosages and demonstrate correct delivery of the medication.
*Review mathematical principles.(C)
*Review the specific anatomy and physiology pertinent to medication administration.(C)
*Review mathematical equivalents.(C)
*Differentiate temperature readings between the Centigrade and Fahrenheit scales.(C)
*Discuss formulas as a basis for performing drug calculations.(C)
*Discuss applying basic principles of mathematics to the calculation of problems associated with medication dosages.(C)
*Describe how to perform mathematical conversions from the household system to the metric system.(C)
*Describe the indications, equipment needed, technique used, precautions, and general principles of peripheral venous or external jugular cannulation.(C)
*Discuss legal aspects affecting medication administration.(C)
*Discuss the "six rights" of drug administration and correlate these with the principles of medication administration.(C)
*Discuss medical asepsis and the differences between clean and sterile techniques.(C)
*Describe use of antiseptics and disinfectants.(C)
*Describe the use of universal precautions and body substance isolation (BSI) procedures when administering a medication.(C)
*Differentiate among the different dosage forms of oral medications.(C)
*Describe the equipment needed and general principles of administering oral medications.(C)
*Describe the indications, equipment needed, techniques used, precautions, and general principles of administering medications by the inhalation route.(C)
*Describe the indications, equipment needed, techniques used, precautions, and general principles of administering medications by the gastric tube.(C)
*Describe the indications, equipment needed, techniques used, precautions, and general principles of rectal medication administration.(C)
*Differentiate among the different parenteral routes of medication administration.(C)
*Describe the equipment needed, techniques used, complications, and general principles for the preparation and administration of parenteral medications.(C)
*Differentiate among the different percutaneous routes of medication administration.(C)
*Discuss age appropriate vascular access sites for infants and children.(C)
*Discuss the appropriate equipment for vascular access in infants and children.(C)
*Identify complications of vascular access for infants and children.(C)
*Describe the purpose, equipment needed, techniques used, complications, and general principles for obtaining a blood sample.(C)
*Describe disposal of contaminated items and sharps.(C)
*Synthesize a pharmacologic management plan including medication administration.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles of medication administration with patient management.(C)
*Comply with paramedic standards of medication administration.(C)
*Comply with universal precautions and body substance isolation (BSI).(C)
*Defend a pharmacologic management plan for medication administration.(B)
*Serve as a model for medical asepsis.(B)
*Serve as a model for advocacy while performing medication administration.(B)
*Serve as a model for disposing contaminated items and sharps.(B)
*Use universal precautions and body substance isolation (BSI) procedures during medication administration.(C)
*Demonstrate cannulation of peripheral or external jugular veins.(M)
*Demonstrate intraosseous needle placement and infusion.(M)
*Demonstrate clean technique during medication administration.(M)
*Demonstrate administration of oral medications.(M)
*Demonstrate administration of medications by the inhalation route.(M)
*Demonstrate administration of medications by the gastric tube.(M)
*Demonstrate rectal administration of medications.(M)
*Demonstrate preparation and administration of parenteral medications.(M)
*Demonstrate preparation and techniques for obtaining a blood sample.(M)
*Demonstrate an appropriate technique for insertion of peripheral intravenous catheters for infants and children.(M)
*Demonstrate an appropriate technique for administration of intramuscular, inhalation, subcutaneous, rectal, endotracheal and oral medication for infants and children.(M)
*Demonstrate an appropriate technique for insertion of an intraosseous line for infants and children.(M)
*Demonstrate perfect disposal of contaminated items and sharps.(M)
III. Pre-Hospital Resuscitation
**Unit Objective: At the completion of this unit, the paramedic student will be able to identify a patient in cardiac arrest and implement a treatment plan appropriate to each patient.
*Define the term "cardiac arrest".(C)
*Identify the characteristics of patient population at risk for developing cardiac arrest from cardiac causes.(C)
*Identify non-cardiac causes of cardiac arrest.(C)
*Describe the arrhythmias seen in cardiac arrest.(C)
*Identify the critical actions necessary in caring for the patient with cardiac arrest.(C)
*Explain how to confirm asystole using the 3-lead ECG.(C)
*Specify the methods of supporting the patient with a suspected ineffective implanted defibrillation device.(C)
*Describe the most commonly used pharmacological agents in the managements of cardiac arrest in terms of therapeutic effects.(C)
*Identify resuscitation.(C)
*Identify circumstances and situations where resuscitation efforts would not be initiated.(C)
*Identify and list the inclusion and exclusion criteria for termination of resuscitation efforts.(C)
*Identify communication and documentation protocols with medical direction and law enforcement used for termination of resuscitation efforts.(C)
*Integrate the pathophysiological principles to the assessment of the patient with cardiac arrest.(C)
*Synthesize assessment findings to formulate a rapid intervention for a patient in cardiac arrest.(C)
*Synthesize assessment findings to formulate the termination of resuscitative efforts for a patient in cardiac arrest.(C)
*Discuss the primary etiologies of cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children.(C)
*Discuss basic cardiac life support (CPR) guidelines for infants and children.(C)
*Identify appropriate parameters for performing infant and child CPR.(C)
*Integrate advanced life support skills with basic cardiac life support for infants and children.(C)
*Discuss the indications, dosage, route of administration and special considerations for medication administration in infants and children.(C)
*Demonstrate satisfactory performance of psychomotor skills of basic and advanced life support techniques according to the current American Heart Association Standards and Guidelines.(C)
*Demonstrate proper CPR for all age groups.(C)
*Demonstrate the use of a length-based resuscitation device for determining equipment sizes, drug doses and other pertinent information for a pediatric patient.(C)
*Demonstrate the appropriate approach for treating infants and children with respiratory distress, failure, and arrest.(C)
**Defend the importance of interacting with family members at the scene of a resuscitation.(B)
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