Medical Emergencies Class Objectives image

Terminal Objective:
At the completion of Medical Emergencies, the paramedic student will be able to integrate pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the medical patient.

Course Outline:
I. Pulmonary
II. Cardiology
III. Neurology
IV. Endocrinology
V. Allergies and Anaphylaxis
VI. Gastroenterology
VII. Renal/Urology
VIII. Toxicology
IX. Environmental Conditions
X. Infectious and Communicable Diseases
XI. Behavioral and Psychiatric Disorders
XII. Gynecology
XIII. Obstetrics
XIV. Neonatology
XV. Pediatrics
XVI. Geriatrics
XVII. Abuse and Assault
XVIII. Patients with Special Challenges
XIX. Acute Interventions for the Chronic Care Patient
XX. Life-Span Development

PROGRAM BEHAVIORAL OBJECTIVES**

Behavioral attributes of the MICT student and certified MICT are very important. Because of this, we have developed behavioral objectives for the Cowley MICT student. These objectives are based on what is required of an MICT and employer expectations.
At the conclusion of the program, the MICT student must exhibit appropriate behavior in the following areas:

Integrity
Empathy
Self-Motivation
Appearance and Personal Hygiene
Self-Confidence
Communications
Time Management
Teamwork and Diplomacy
Respect
Patient Advocacy
Careful Delivery of Service

Other behavioral objectives, found in specific curricular areas, have also been developed as well (these are found in the specific class objectives). We strongly believe that the entry level MICT must have the knowledge, ability to perform and have obtained appropriate professional behaviors.

KEY TO CLASSIFICATION OF OBJECTIVES

(B) - Denotes a behavioral objective
(C) - Denotes a cognitive objective
(M) - Denotes a psychomotor objective
** Denotes objectives added to curriculum by Cowley

I. Pulmonary
Unit Objective: At the completion of this unit, the paramedic student will be able to integrate pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the patient with respiratory problems.
*Discuss the epidemiology of pulmonary diseases and conditions.(C)
*Identify and describe the function of the structures located in the upper and lower airway.(C)
*Discuss the physiology of ventilation and respiration.(C)
*Identify common pathological events that affect the pulmonary system. (C)
*Discuss abnormal assessment findings associated with pulmonary diseases and conditions.(C)
*Compare various airway and ventilation techniques used in the management of pulmonary diseases.(C)
*Review the pharmacological preparations that paramedics use for management of respiratory diseases and conditions.(C)
*Review the pharmacological preparations used in managing patients with respiratory diseases that may be prescribed by physicians.(C)
*Review the use of equipment used during the physical examination of patients with complaints associated with respiratory diseases and conditions.(C)
*Identify the epidemiology, anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, assessment findings, and management for the following respiratory diseases and conditions:(C)
a. Adult respiratory distress syndrome
b. Bronchial asthma
c. Chronic bronchitis
d. Emphysema
e. Pneumonia
f. Pulmonary edema
g. Pulmonary thromboembolism
h. Neoplasms of the lung
i. Upper respiratory infections
j. Spontaneous pneumothorax
k. Hyperventilation syndrome
*Recognize and value the assessment and treatment of patients with respiratory diseases.(B)
*Indicate appreciation for the critical nature of accurate field impressions of patients with respiratory diseases and conditions.(B)
*Demonstrate proper use of airway and ventilation devices. (M)
*Conduct a history and patient assessment for patients with pulmonary diseases and conditions.(M)
*Demonstrate the application of CPAP/BiPAP unit.(M)

II. Cardiology
Unit Objective: At the completion of this unit, the paramedic student will be able to integrate pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the patient with cardiovascular disease.
*Describe the epidemiology, morbidity and mortality, and pathophysiology of angina pectoris.(C)
*List and describe the assessment parameters to be evaluated in a patient with angina pectoris.(C)
*Identify what is meant by the OPQRST of chest pain assessment.(C)
*List other clinical conditions that may mimic signs and symptoms of coronary artery disease and angina pectoris.(C)
*Identify the ECG findings in patients with angina pectoris.(C)
*Identify the paramedic responsibilities associated with management of the patient with angina pectoris.(C)
*Based on the pathophysiology and clinical evaluation of the patient with chest pain, list the anticipated clinical problems according to their life-threatening potential. (C)
*Describe the epidemiology, morbidity and mortality of myocardial infarction.(C)
*List the mechanisms by which an MI may be produced by traumatic and non-traumatic events.(C)
*Identify the primary hemodynamic changes produced in myocardial infarction.(C)
*List and describe the assessment parameters to be evaluated in a patient with a suspected myocardial infarction.(C)
*Identify the anticipated clinical presentation of a patient with a suspected acute myocardial infarction.(C)
*Differentiate the characteristics of the pain/ discomfort occurring in angina pectoris and acute myocardial infarction.(C)
*Identify the ECG changes characteristically seen during evolution of an acute myocardial infarction.(C)
*Identify the most common complications of an acute myocardial infarction.(C)
*List the characteristics of a patient eligible for thrombolytic therapy.(C)
*Describe the "window of opportunity" as it pertains to reperfusion of a myocardial injury or infarction.(C)
*Based on the pathophysiology and clinical evaluation of the patient with a suspected acute myocardial infarction, list the anticipated clinical problems according to their life- threatening potential. (C)
*Specify the measures that may be taken to prevent or minimize complications in the patient suspected of myocardial infarction.(C)
*Describe the most commonly used cardiac drugs in terms of therapeutic effect and dosages, routes of administration, side effects and toxic effects.(C)
*Describe the epidemiology, morbidity and mortality of heart failure.(C)
*Define the principle causes and terminology associated with heart failure.(C)
*Identify the factors that may precipitate or aggravate heart failure.(C)
*Describe the physiological effects of heart failure.(C)
*Define the term "acute pulmonary edema" and describe its relationship to left ventricular failure.(C)
*Define preload, afterload and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and relate each to the pathophysiology of heart failure.(C)
*Differentiate between early and late signs and symptoms of left ventricular failure and those of right ventricular failure.(C)
*Explain the clinical significance of paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.(C)
*Explain the clinical significance of edema of the extremities and sacrum.(C)
*List the interventions prescribed for the patient in acute congestive heart failure.(C)
*Describe the most commonly used pharmacological agents in the management of congestive heart failure in terms of therapeutic effect, dosages, routes of administration, side effects and toxic effects.(C)
*Define the term "cardiac tamponade".(C)
*List the mechanisms by which cardiac tamponade may be produced by traumatic and non- traumatic events. (C)
*Identify the limiting factor of pericardial anatomy that determines intrapericardiac pressure.(C)
*Identify the clinical criteria specific to cardiac tamponade.(C)
*Describe how to determine if pulsus paradoxus, pulsus alternans or electrical alternans is present.(C)
*Identify the paramedic responsibilities associated with management of a patient with cardiac tamponade.(C)
*Describe the incidence, morbidity and mortality of hypertensive emergencies.(C)
*Define the term "hypertensive emergency". (C)
*Identify the characteristics of the patient population at risk for developing a hypertensive emergency. (C)
*Explain the essential pathophysiological defect of hypertension in terms of Starling's law of the heart.(C)
*Identify the progressive vascular changes associate with sustained hypertension.(C)
*Describe the clinical features of the patient in a hypertensive emergency.(C)
*Rank the clinical problems of patients in hypertensive emergencies according to their sense of urgency. (C)
*From the priority of clinical problems identified, state the management responsibilities for the patient with a hypertensive emergency. (C)
*Identify the drugs of choice for hypertensive emergencies, rationale for use, clinical precautions and disadvantages of selected antihypertensive agents.(C)
*Correlate abnormal findings with clinical interpretation of the patient with a hypertensive emergency. (C)
*Define the term "cardiogenic shock". (C)
*Describe the major systemic effects of reduced tissue perfusion caused by cardiogenic shock.(C)
*Explain the primary mechanisms by which the heart may compensate for a diminished cardiac output and describe their efficiency in cardiogenic shock. (C)
*Differentiate progressive stages of cardiogenic shock.(C)
*Identify the clinical criteria for cardiogenic shock.(C)
*Describe the characteristics of patients most likely to develop cardiogenic shock.(C)
*Describe the most commonly used pharmacological agents in the management of cardiogenic shock in terms of therapeutic effects, dosages, routes of administration, side effects and toxic effects. (C)
*Correlate abnormal findings with clinical assessment of the patient in cardiogenic shock.(C)
*Identify the paramedic responsibilities associated with management of a patient in cardiogenic shock.(C)
*Describe the incidence, morbidity and mortality of vascular disorders.(C)
*Describe the pathophysiology of vascular disorders.(C)
*List the traumatic and non-traumatic causes of vascular disorders.(C)
*Define the terms "aneurysm", "claudication" and "phlebitis". (C)
*Identify the peripheral arteries most commonly affected by occlusive disease.(C)
*Identify the major factors involved in the pathophysiology of aortic aneurysm.(C)
*Recognize the usual order of signs and symptoms that develop following peripheral artery occlusion.(C)
*Identify the clinical significance of claudication and presence of arterial bruits in a patient with peripheral vascular disorders.(C)
*Describe the clinical significance of unequal arterial blood pressure readings in the arms.(C)
*Recognize and describe the signs and symptoms of dissecting thoracic or abdominal aneurysm.(C)
*Describe the significant elements of the patient history in a patient with vascular disease.(C)
*Identify the hemodynamic effects of vascular disorders.(C)
*Identify the complications of vascular disorders.(C)
*Identify the paramedic's responsibilities associated with management of patients with vascular disorders.(C)
*Develop, execute and evaluate a treatment plan based on the field impression for the patient with vascular disorders.(C)
*Differentiate between signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade, hypertensive emergencies, cardiogenic shock, and cardiac arrest.(C)
*Based on the pathophysiology and clinical evaluation of the patient with chest pain, characterize the clinical problems according to their life-threatening potential.(C)
*Apply knowledge of the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease to develop prevention strategies.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles into the assessment of a patient with cardiovascular disease. (C)
*Apply knowledge of the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease to develop prevention strategies.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles into the assessment of a patient with cardiovascular disease.(C)
*Synthesize patient history, assessment findings and ECG analysis to form a field impression for the patient with cardiovascular disease.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles to the assessment of a patient in need of a pacemaker.(C)
*Synthesize patient history, assessment findings and ECG analysis to form a field impression for the patient in need of a pacemaker.(C)
*Develop, execute, and evaluate a treatment plan based on field impression for the patient in need of a pacemaker. (C)
*Based on the pathophysiology and clinical evaluation of the patient with chest pain, characterize the clinical problems according to their life-threatening potential.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles to the assessment of a patient with chest pain.(C)
*Synthesize patient history, assessment findings and ECG analysis to form a field impression for the patient with angina pectoris.(C)
*Develop, execute and evaluate a treatment plan based on the field impression for the patient with chest pain.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles to the assessment of a patient with a suspected myocardial infarction.(C)
*Synthesize patient history, assessment findings and ECG analysis to form a field impression for the patient with a suspected myocardial infarction.(C)
*Develop, execute and evaluate a treatment plan based on the field impression for the suspected myocardial infarction patient.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles to the assessment of the patient with heart failure.(C)
*Synthesize assessment findings and patient history information to form a field impression of the patient with heart failure.(C)
*Develop, execute, and evaluate a treatment plan based on the field impression for the heart failure patient. (C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles to the assessment of a patient with cardiac tamponade.(C)
*Synthesize assessment findings and patient history information to form a field impression of the patient with cardiac tamponade.(C)
*Develop, execute and evaluate a treatment plan based on the field impression for the patient with cardiac tamponade.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles to the assessment of the patient with a hypertensive emergency.(C)
*Synthesize assessment findings and patient history information to form a field impression of the patient with a hypertensive emergency.(C)
*Develop, execute and evaluate a treatment plan based on the field impression for the patient with a hypertensive emergency.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles to the assessment of the patient with cardiogenic shock.(C)
*Synthesize assessment findings and patient history information to form a field impression of the patient with cardiogenic shock.(C)
*Develop, execute, and evaluate a treatment plan based on the field impression for the patient with cardiogenic shock.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles to the assessment of a patient with vascular disorders.(C)
*Synthesize assessment findings and patient history to form a field impression for the patient with vascular disorders.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles to the assessment and field management of a patient with chest pain.(C)
*Value the sense of urgency for initial assessment and intervention in the patient with cardiac compromise.(B)
*Value and defend the sense of urgency necessary to protect the window of opportunity for reperfusion in the patient with suspected myocardial infarction.(B)
*Based on the pathophysiology and clinical evaluation of the patient with acute myocardial infarction, characterize the clinical problems according to their life-threatening potential.(C)
*Defend the measures that may be taken to prevent or minimize complications in the patient with a suspected myocardial infarction.(C)
*Defend the urgency based on the severity of the patient's clinical problems in a hypertensive emergency.(C)
*From the priority of clinical problems identified, state the management responsibilities for the patient with a hypertensive emergency. (C)
*Based on the pathophysiology and clinical evaluation of the patient with vascular disorders, characterize the clinical problems according to their life-threatening potential.(C)
*Value and defend the sense of urgency in identifying peripheral vascular occlusion.(B)
*Value and defend the sense of urgency in recognizing signs of aortic aneurysm.(B)
*Perform, document and communicate a cardiovascular assessment.(M)
*Given the model of a patient with signs and symptoms of heart failure, position the patient to afford comfort and relief.(M)
*Demonstrate how to determine if pulsus paradoxus, pulsus alternans or electrical alternans is present.(M)
*Complete a communication patch with medical direction and law enforcement used for termination of resuscitation efforts.(M)
*Demonstrate how to evaluate major peripheral arterial pulses.(M)

III. Neurology
Unit Objective: At the completion of this unit, the paramedic student will be able to integrate pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the patient with a neurological problem.
*Describe the incidence, morbidity and mortality of neurological emergencies.(C)
*Identify the risk factors most predisposing to the nervous system.(C)
*Discuss the anatomy and physiology of the organs and structures related to nervous system.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of non-traumatic neurologic emergencies.(C)
*Discuss the assessment findings associated with non-traumatic neurologic emergencies.(C)
*Identify the need for rapid intervention and the transport of the patient with non-traumatic emergencies.(C)
*Discuss the management of non-traumatic neurological emergencies.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of coma and altered mental status.(C)
*Discuss the assessment findings associated with coma and altered mental status.(C)
*Discuss the management/ treatment plan of coma and altered mental status.(C)
*Describe the epidemiology, including the morbidity/ mortality and prevention strategies, for seizures.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of seizures.(C)
*Discuss the assessment findings associated with seizures.(C)
*Define seizure.(C)
*Describe and differentiate the major types of seizures.(C)
*List the most common causes of seizures.(C)
*Describe the phases of a generalized seizure.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of syncope.(C)
*Discuss the assessment findings associated with syncope.(C)
*Discuss the management/ treatment plan of syncope.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of headache.(C)
*Discuss the assessment findings associated with headache.(C)
*Discuss the management/ treatment plan of headache.(C)
*Describe the epidemiology, including the morbidity/ mortality and prevention strategies, for neoplasms.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of neoplasms.(C)
*Describe the types of neoplasms.(C)
*Discuss the assessment findings associated with neoplasms.(C)
*Discuss the management/ treatment plan of neoplasms.(C)
*Define neoplasms.(C)
*Recognize the signs and symptoms related to neoplasms.(C)
*Correlate abnormal assessment findings with clinical significance in the patient with neoplasms.(C)
*Differentiate among the various treatment and pharmacological interventions used in the management of neoplasms.(C)
*Integrate the pathophysiological principles and the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with neoplasms.(C)
*Describe the epidemiology, including the morbidity/ mortality and prevention strategies, for abscess.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of abscess.(C)
*Discuss the assessment findings associated with abscess.(C)
*Discuss the management/ treatment plan of abscess.(C)
*Define abscess.(C)
*Recognize the signs and symptoms related to abscess.(C)
*Correlate abnormal assessment findings with clinical significance in the patient with abscess.(C)
*Differentiate among the various treatment and pharmacological interventions used in the management of abscess.(C)
*Integrate the pathophysiological principles and the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with abscess.(C)
*Describe the epidemiology, including the morbidity/ mortality and prevention strategies, for stroke and intracranial hemorrhage.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of stroke and intracranial hemorrhage.(C)
*Describe the types of stroke and intracranial hemorrhage.(C)
*Discuss the assessment findings associated with stroke and intracranial hemorrhage.(C)
*Discuss the management/ treatment plan of stroke and intracranial hemorrhage.(C)
*Define stroke and intracranial hemorrhage.(C)
*Recognize the signs and symptoms related to stroke and intracranial hemorrhage.(C)
*Correlate abnormal assessment findings with clinical significance in the patient with stroke and intracranial hemorrhage.(C)
*Differentiate among the various treatment and pharmacological interventions used in the management of stroke and intracranial hemorrhage.(C)
*Integrate the pathophysiological principles and the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with stroke and intracranial hemorrhage.(C)
*Describe the epidemiology, including the morbidity/ mortality and prevention strategies, for transient ischemic attack.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of transient ischemic attack.(C)
*Discuss the assessment findings associated with transient ischemic attack.(C)
*Discuss the management/ treatment plan of transient ischemic attack.(C)
*Define transient ischemic attack.(C)
*Recognize the signs and symptoms related to transient ischemic attack.(C)
*Correlate abnormal assessment findings with clinical significance in the patient with transient ischemic attack.(C)
*Differentiate among the various treatment and pharmacological interventions used in the management of transient ischemic attack.(C)
*Integrate the pathophysiological principles and the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with transient ischemic attack.(C)
*Describe the epidemiology, including the morbidity/ mortality and prevention strategies, for degenerative neurological diseases.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of degenerative neurological diseases.(C)
*Discuss the assessment findings associated with degenerative neurological diseases.(C)
*Discuss the management/ treatment plan of degenerative neurological diseases.(C)
*Define the following:(C)
a. Muscular dystrophy
b. Multiple sclerosis
c. Dystonia
d. Parkinson's disease
e. Trigeminal neuralgia
f. Bell's palsy
g. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
h. Peripheral neuropathy
i. Myoclonus
j. Spina bifida
k. Poliomyelitis
*Recognize the signs and symptoms related to degenerative neurological diseases.(C)
*Correlate abnormal assessment findings with clinical significance in the patient with degenerative neurological diseases.(C)
*Differentiate among the various treatment and pharmacological interventions used in the management of degenerative neurological diseases.(C)
*Integrate the pathophysiological principles and the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with degenerative neurological diseases.(C)
*Integrate the pathophysiological principles of the patient with a neurological emergency.(C)
*Differentiate between neurological emergencies based on assessment findings.(C)
*Correlate abnormal assessment findings with the clinical significance in the patient with neurological complaints.(C)
*Develop a patient management plan based on field impression in the patient with neurological emergencies.(C)
*Characterize the feelings of a patient who regains consciousness among strangers.(B)
*Formulate means of conveying empathy to patients whose ability to communicate is limited by their condition.(B)
*Perform an appropriate assessment of a patient with coma or altered mental status.(M)
*Perform a complete neurological examination as part of the comprehensive physical examination of a patient with coma or altered mental status.(M)
*Appropriately manage a patient with coma or altered mental status, including the administration of oxygen, oral glucose, 50% dextrose and narcotic reversal agents.(M)
*Perform an appropriate assessment of a patient with syncope.(M)
*Appropriately manage a patient with syncope.(M)
*Perform an appropriate assessment of a patient with seizures.(M)
*Appropriately manage a patient with seizures, including the administration of diazepam or lorazepam.(M)
*Perform an appropriate assessment of a patient with stroke and intracranial hemorrhage or TIA.(M)
*Appropriately manage a patient with stroke and intracranial hemorrhage or TIA.(M)
*Demonstrate an appropriate assessment of a patient with a chief complaint of weakness.(M)

IV. Endocrinology
Unit Objective: At the completion of this unit, the paramedic student will be able to integrate pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with an endocrine problem.

*Describe the incidence, morbidity and mortality of endocrinologic emergencies.(C)
*Identify the risk factors most predisposing to endocrinologic disease.(C)
*Discuss the anatomy and physiology of organs and structures related to endocrinologic diseases.(C)
*Review the pathophysiology of endocrinologic emergencies.(C)
*Discuss the general assessment findings associated with endocrinologic emergencies.(C)
*Identify the need for rapid intervention of the patient with endocrinologic emergencies.(C)
*Discuss the management of endocrinologic emergencies.(C)
*Describe osmotic diuresis and its relationship to diabetes.(C)
*Describe the pathophysiology of adult onset diabetes mellitus.(C)
*Describe the pathophysiology of juvenile onset diabetes mellitus.(C)
*Describe the effects of decreased levels of insulin on the body.(C)
*Correlate abnormal findings in assessment with clinical significance in the patient with a diabetic emergency.(C)
*Discuss the management of diabetic emergencies.(C)
*Integrate the pathophysiological principles and the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with a diabetic emergency.(C)
*Differentiate between the pathophysiology of normal glucose metabolism and diabetic glucose metabolism.(C)
*Describe the mechanism of ketone body formation and its relationship to ketoacidosis.(C)
*Discuss the physiology of the excretion of potassium and ketone bodies by the kidneys.(C)
*Describe the relationship of insulin to serum glucose levels.(C)
*Describe the effects of decreased levels of insulin on the body.(C)
*Describe the effects of increased serum glucose levels on the body.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of hypoglycemia.(C)
*Discuss the utilization of glycogen by the human body as it relates to the pathophysiology of hypoglycemia.(C)
*Describe the actions of epinephrine as it relates to the pathophysiology of hypoglycemia.(C)
*Recognize the signs and symptoms of the patient with hypoglycemia.(C)
*Describe the compensatory mechanisms utilized by the body to promote homeostasis relative to hypoglycemia.(C)
*Describe the management of a responsive hypoglycemic patient.(C)
*Correlate abnormal findings in assessment with clinical significance in the patient with hypoglycemia.(C)
*Discuss the management of the hypoglycemic patient.(C)
*Integrate the pathophysiological principles and the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with hypoglycemia.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of hyperglycemia.(C)
*Recognize the signs and symptoms of the patient with hyperglycemia.(C)
*Describe the management of hyperglycemia.(C)
*Correlate abnormal findings in assessment with clinical significance in the patient with hyperglycemia.(C)
*Discuss the management of the patient with hyperglycemia.(C)
*Integrate the pathophysiological principles and the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with hyperglycemia.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of nonketotic hyperosmolar coma.(C)
*Recognize the signs and symptoms of the patient with nonketotic hyperosmolar coma.(C)
*Describe the management of nonketotic hyperosmolar coma.(C)
*Correlate abnormal findings in assessment with clinical significance in the patient with nonketotic hyperosmolar coma.(C)
*Integrate the pathophysiological principles and the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with nonketotic hyperosmolar coma.(C)
*Discuss the management of the patient with hyperglycemia.(C)
*Integrate the pathophysiological principles and the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with hyperglycemia.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.(C)
*Recognize the signs and symptoms of the patient with diabetic ketoacidosis.(C)
*Describe the management of diabetic ketoacidosis.(C)
*Correlate abnormal findings in assessment with clinical significance in the patient with diabetic ketoacidosis.(C)
*Discuss the management of the patient with diabetic ketoacidosis.(C)
*Integrate the pathophysiological principles and the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with diabetic ketoacidosis.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of thyrotoxicosis.(C)
*Recognize signs and symptoms of the patient with thyrotoxicosis.(C)
*Describe the management of thyrotoxicosis.(C)
*Correlate abnormal findings in assessment with clinical significance in the patient with thyrotoxicosis.(C)
*Discuss the management of the patient with thyrotoxicosis.(C)
*Integrate the pathophysiological principles and the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with thyrotoxicosis.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of myxedema.(C)
*Recognize signs and symptoms of the patient with myxedema.(C)
*Describe the management of myxedema.(C)
*Correlate abnormal findings in assessment with clinical significance in the patient with myxedema.(C)
*Discuss the management of the patient with myxedema.(C)
*Integrate the pathophysiological principles and the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with myxedema.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of Cushing's syndrome.(C)
*Recognize signs and symptoms of the patient with Cushing's syndrome.(C)
*Describe the management of Cushing's syndrome.(C)
*Correlate abnormal findings in assessment with clinical significance in the patient with Cushing's syndrome.(C)
*Discuss the management of the patient with Cushing's syndrome.(C)
*Integrate the pathophysiological principles and the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with Cushing's syndrome.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of adrenal insufficiency. (C)
*Recognize signs and symptoms of the patient with adrenal insufficiency.(C)
*Describe the management of adrenal insufficiency.(C)
*Correlate abnormal findings in assessment with clinical significance in the patient with adrenal insufficiency. (C)
*Discuss the management of the patient with adrenal insufficiency. (C)
*Integrate the pathophysiological principles and the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with adrenal insufficiency.(C)
*Integrate the pathophysiological principles to the assessment of a patient with a endocrinological emergency.(C)
*Differentiate between endocrine emergencies based on assessment and history.(C)
*Correlate abnormal findings in the assessment with clinical significance in the patient with endocrinologic emergencies.(C)
*Develop a patient management plan based on field impression in the patient with an endocrinologic emergency.(C)

V. Allergies and Anaphylaxis
Unit Objective: At the completion of this unit, the paramedic student will be able to integrate pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with an allergic or anaphylactic reaction.
*Define allergic reaction.(C)
*Define anaphylaxis.(C)
*Describe the incidence, morbidity and mortality of anaphylaxis.(C)
*Identify the risk factors most predisposing to anaphylaxis.(C)
*Discuss the anatomy and physiology of the organs and structures related to anaphylaxis.(C)
*Describe the prevention of anaphylaxis and appropriate patient education.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of allergy and anaphylaxis.(C)
*Describe the common methods of entry of substances into the body.(C)
*Define natural and acquired immunity.(C)
*Define antigens and antibodies.(C)
*List common antigens most frequently associated with anaphylaxis.(C)
*Discuss the formation of antibodies in the body.(C)
*Describe physical manifestations in anaphylaxis.(C)
*Differentiate manifestations of an allergic reaction from anaphylaxis.(C)
*Recognize the signs and symptoms related to anaphylaxis.(C)
*Differentiate among the various treatment and pharmacological interventions used in the management of anaphylaxis.(C)
*Integrate the pathophysiological principles of the patient with anaphylaxis.(C)
*Correlate abnormal findings in assessment with the clinical significance in the patient with anaphylaxis.(C)
*Develop a treatment plan based on field impression in the patient with allergic reaction and anaphylaxis.(C)

VI. Gastroenterology
Unit Objective: At the completion of this unit, the paramedic student will be able to integrate pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the patient with a gastroenterologic problem.
*Describe the incidence, morbidity and mortality of gastrointestinal emergencies.(C)
*Identify the risk factors most predisposing to gastrointestinal emergencies.(C)
*Discuss the anatomy and physiology of the organs and structures related to gastrointestinal diseases.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of inflammation and its relationship to acute abdominal pain.(C)
*Define somatic pain as it relates to gastroenterology.(C)
*Define visceral pain as it relates to gastroenterology.(C)
*Define referred pain as it relates to gastroenterology.(C)
*Differentiate between hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic abdominal pain.(C)
*Discuss the signs and symptoms of local inflammation relative to acute abdominal pain.(C)
*Discuss the signs and symptoms of peritoneal inflammation relative to acute abdominal pain.(C)
*List the signs and symptoms of general inflammation relative to acute abdominal pain.(C)
*Based on assessment findings, differentiate between local, peritoneal and general inflammation as they relate to acute abdominal pain.(C)
*Describe the questioning technique and specific questions the paramedic should ask when gathering a focused history in a patient with abdominal pain.(C)
*Describe the technique for performing a comprehensive physical examination on a patient complaining of abdominal pain.(C)
*Define upper gastrointestinal bleeding.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.(C)
*Recognize the signs and symptoms related to upper gastrointestinal bleeding.(C)
*Describe the management for upper gastrointestinal bleeding.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with upper GI bleeding.(C)
*Define lower gastrointestinal bleeding.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of lower gastrointestinal bleeding.(C)
*Recognize the signs and symptoms related to lower gastrointestinal bleeding.(C)
*Describe the management for lower gastrointestinal bleeding.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with lower GI bleeding.(C)
*Define acute gastroenteritis.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of acute gastroenteritis.(C)
*Recognize the signs and symptoms related to acute gastroenteritis.(C)
*Describe the management for acute gastroenteritis.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with acute gastroenteritis.(C)
*Define colitis.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of colitis.(C)
*Recognize the signs and symptoms related to colitis.(C)
*Describe the management for colitis.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with colitis.(C)
*Define gastroenteritis.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of gastroenteritis.(C)
*Recognize the signs and symptoms related to gastroenteritis.(C)
*Describe the management for gastroenteritis.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with gastroenteritis.(C)
*Define diverticulitis.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of diverticulitis.(C)
*Recognize the signs and symptoms related to diverticulitis.(C)
*Describe the management for diverticulitis.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with diverticulitis.(C)
*Define appendicitis.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of appendicitis.(C)
*Recognize the signs and symptoms related to appendicitis.(C)
*Describe the management for appendicitis.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with appendicitis.(C)
*Define peptic ulcer disease.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of peptic ulcer disease.(C)
*Recognize the signs and symptoms related to peptic ulcer disease.(C)
*Describe the management for peptic ulcer disease.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with peptic ulcer disease.(C)
*Define bowel obstruction.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of bowel obstruction.(C)
*Recognize the signs and symptoms related to bowel obstruction.(C)
*Describe the management for bowel obstruction.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with bowel obstruction.(C)
*Define Crohn's disease.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of Crohn s disease.(C)
*Recognize the signs and symptoms related to Crohn s disease.(C)
*Describe the management for Crohn s disease.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with Crohn s disease.(C)
*Define pancreatitis.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of pancreatitis.(C)
*Recognize the signs and symptoms related to pancreatitis.(C)
*Describe the management for pancreatitis.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with pancreatitis.(C)
*Define esophageal varices.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of esophageal varices.(C)
*Recognize the signs and symptoms related to esophageal varices.(C)
*Describe the management for esophageal varices.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with esophageal varices.(C)
*Define hemorrhoids.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of hemorrhoids.(C)
*Recognize the signs and symptoms related to hemorrhoids.(C)
*Describe the management for hemorrhoids.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with hemorrhoids.(C)
*Define cholecystitis.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of cholecystitis.(C)
*Recognize the signs and symptoms related to cholecystitis.(C)
*Describe the management for cholecystitis.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with cholecystitis.(C)
*Define acute hepatitis.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of acute hepatitis.(C)
*Recognize the signs and symptoms related to acute hepatitis.(C)
*Describe the management for acute hepatitis.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with acute hepatitis.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles of the patient with a gastrointestinal emergency.(C)
*Differentiate between gastrointestinal emergencies based on assessment findings.(C)
*Correlate abnormal findings in the assessment with the clinical significance in the patient with abdominal pain.(C)
*Develop a patient management plan based on field impression in the patient with abdominal pain.(C)

VII. Renal/Urology
Unit Objective: At the completion of this unit, the paramedic student will be able to integrate pathophysiological principles and the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with a renal or urologic problem.
*Describe the incidence, morbidity, mortality, and risk factors predisposing to urological emergencies.(C)
*Discuss the anatomy and physiology of the organs and structures related to urogenital diseases.(C)
*Define referred pain and visceral pain as it relates to urology.(C)
*Describe the questioning technique and specific questions the paramedic should utilize when gathering a focused history in a patient with abdominal pain.(C)
*Describe the technique for performing a comprehensive physical examination of a patient complaining of abdominal pain.(C)
*Define acute renal failure.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of acute renal failure.(C)
*Recognize the signs and symptoms related to acute renal failure.(C)
*Describe the management for acute renal failure.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with acute renal failure.(C)
*Define chronic renal failure.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of chronic renal failure.(C)
*Recognize the signs and symptoms related to chronic renal failure.(C)
*Describe the management for chronic renal failure.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with chronic renal failure.(C)
*Define renal dialysis.(C)
*Discuss the common complication of renal dialysis.(C)
*Define renal calculi.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of renal calculi.(C)
*Recognize the signs and symptoms related to renal calculi.(C)
*Describe the management for renal calculi.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with renal calculi.(C)
*Define urinary tract infection.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of urinary tract infection.(C)
*Recognize the signs and symptoms related to urinary tract infection.(C)
*Describe the management for a urinary tract infection.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with a urinary tract infection.(C)
*Apply the epidemiology to develop prevention strategies for urological emergencies.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles to the assessment of a patient with abdominal pain.(C)
*Synthesize assessment findings and patient history information to accurately differentiate between pain of a urogenital emergency and that of other origins.(C)
*Develop, execute, and evaluate a treatment plan based on the field impression made in the assessment.(C)

VIII. Toxicology
Unit Objective: At the completion of this unit, the paramedic student will be able to integrate pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with a toxic exposure.
*Describe the incidence, morbidity and mortality of toxic emergencies.(C)
*Identify the risk factors most predisposing to toxic emergencies.(C)
*Discuss the anatomy and physiology of the organs and structures related to toxic emergencies.(C)
*Describe the routes of entry of toxic substances into the body.(C)
*Discuss the role of the Poison Control Center in the United States.(C)
*List the toxic substances that are specific to your region.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of the entry of toxic substances into the body.(C)
*Discuss the assessment findings associated with various toxidromes.(C)
*Identify the need for rapid intervention and transport of the patient with a toxic substance emergency.(C)
*Discuss the management of toxic substances.(C)
*Define poisoning by ingestion.(C)
*List the most common poisonings by ingestion.(C)
*Describe the pathophysiology of poisoning by ingestion.(C)
*Recognize the signs and symptoms related to the most common poisonings by ingestion.(C)
*Correlate the abnormal findings in assessment with the clinical significance in the patient with the most common poisonings by ingestion.(C)
*Differentiate among the various treatments and pharmacological interventions in the management of the most common poisonings by ingestion.(C)
*Discuss the factors affecting the decision to induce vomiting in a patient with ingested poison.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles and the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with the most common poisonings by ingestion.(C)
*Define poisoning by inhalation.(C)
*List the most common poisonings by inhalation.(C)
*Describe the pathophysiology of poisoning by inhalation.(C)
*Recognize the signs and symptoms related to the most common poisonings by inhalation.(C)
*Correlate the abnormal findings in assessment with the clinical significance in patients with the most common poisonings by inhalation.(C)
*Differentiate among the various treatments and pharmacological interventions in the management of the most common poisonings by inhalation.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles and the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with the most common poisonings by inhalation.(C)
*Define poisoning by injection.(C)
*List the most common poisonings by injection.(C)
*Describe the pathophysiology of poisoning by injection.(C)
*Recognize the signs and symptoms related to the most common poisonings by injection.(C)
*Correlate the abnormal findings in assessment with the clinical significance in the patient with the most common poisonings by injection.(C)
*Differentiate among the various treatments and pharmacological interventions in the management of the most common poisonings by injection.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles and the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with the most common poisonings by injection.(C)
*Define poisoning by surface absorption.(C)
*List the most common poisonings by surface absorption.(C)
*Describe the pathophysiology of poisoning by surface absorption.(C)
*Recognize the signs and symptoms related to the most common poisonings by surface absorption.(C)
*Correlate the abnormal findings in assessment with the clinical significance in patients with the most common poisonings by surface absorption.(C)
*Differentiate among the various treatments and pharmacological interventions in the management of the most common poisonings by surface absorption.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles and the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for patients with the most common poisonings by surface absorption.(C)
*Define poisoning by overdose.(C)
*List the most common poisonings by overdose.(C)
*Describe the pathophysiology of poisoning by overdose.(C)
*Recognize the signs and symptoms related to the most common poisonings by overdose.(C)
*Correlate the abnormal findings in assessment with the clinical significance in patients with the most common poisonings by overdose.(C)
*Differentiate among the various treatments and pharmacological interventions in the management of the most common poisonings by overdose.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles and the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for patients with the most common poisonings by overdose.(C)
*Define drug abuse.(C)
*Discuss the incidence of drug abuse in the United States.(C)
*Define the following terms:(C)
a. Substance or drug abuse
b. Substance or drug dependence
c. Tolerance
d. Withdrawal
e. Addiction
*List the most commonly abused drugs (both by chemical name and street names).(C)
*Describe the pathophysiology of commonly used drugs.(C)
*Recognize the signs and symptoms related to the most commonly abused drugs.(C)
*Correlate the abnormal findings in assessment with the clinical significance in patients using the most commonly abused drugs.(C)
*Differentiate among the various treatments and pharmacological interventions in the management of the most commonly abused drugs.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles and the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for patients using the most commonly abused drugs.(C)
*List the clinical uses, street names, pharmacology, assessment finding and management for patient who have taken the following drugs or been exposed to the following substances:(C)
a. Cocaine
b. Marijuana and cannabis compounds
c. Amphetamines and amphetamine-like drugs
d. Barbiturates
e. Sedative-hypnotics
f. Cyanide
g. Narcotics/ opiates
h. Cardiac medications
i. Caustics
j. Common household substances
k. Drugs abused for sexual purposes/ sexual gratification
l. Carbon monoxide
m. Alcohols
n. Hydrocarbons
o. Psychiatric medications
p. Newer anti-depressants and serotonin syndromes
q. Lithium
r. MAO inhibitors
s. Non-prescription pain medications
(1) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents
(2) Salicylates
(3) Acetaminophen
t. Theophylline
u. Metals
v. Plants and mushrooms
*Discuss common causative agents, pharmacology, assessment findings and management for a patient with food poisoning.(C)
*Discuss common offending organisms, pharmacology, assessment findings and management for a patient with a bite or sting.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles of the patient with a toxic substance exposure.(C)
*Differentiate between toxic substance emergencies based on assessment findings.(C)
*Correlate abnormal findings in the assessment with the clinical significance in the patient exposed to a toxic substance.(C)
*Develop a patient management plan based on field impression in the patient exposed to a toxic substance.(C)

IX. Environmental Conditions
Unit Objective: At the completion of this unit, the paramedic student will be able to integrate pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the treatment plan for the patient with an environmentally induced or exacerbated medical or traumatic condition.
*Define "environmental emergency."(C)
*Describe the incidence, morbidity and mortality associated with environmental emergencies.(C)
*Identify risk factors most predisposing to environmental emergencies.(C)
*Identify environmental factors that may cause illness or exacerbate a preexisting illness.(C)
*Identify environmental factors that may complicate treatment or transport decisions.(C)
*List the principal types of environmental illnesses.(C)
*Define "homeostasis" and relate the concept to environmental influences.(C)
*Identify normal, critically high and critically low body temperatures.(C)
*Describe several methods of temperature monitoring.(C)
*Identify the components of the body's thermoregulatory mechanism.(C)
*Describe the general process of thermal regulation, including substances used and wastes generated.(C)
*Describe the body s compensatory process for over heating.(C)
*Describe the body s compensatory process for excess heat loss.(C)
*List the common forms of heat and cold disorders.(C)
*List the common predisposing factors associated with heat and cold disorders.(C)
*List the common preventative measures associated with heat and cold disorders.(C)
*Integrate the pathophysiological principles and complicating factors common to environmental emergencies and discuss differentiating features between emergent and urgent presentations.(C)
*Define heat illness.(C)
*Describe the pathophysiology of heat illness.(C)
*Identify signs and symptoms of heat illness.(C)
*List the predisposing factors for heat illness.(C)
*List measures to prevent heat illness.(C)
*Discuss the symptomatic variations presented in progressive heat disorders.(C)
*Relate symptomatic findings to the commonly used terms: heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heatstroke.(C)
*Correlate the abnormal findings in assessment with their clinical significance in the patient with heat illness.(C)
*Describe the contribution of dehydration to the development of heat disorders.(C)
*Describe the differences between classical and exertional heatstroke.(C)
*Define fever and discuss its pathophysiologic mechanism.(C)
*Identify the fundamental thermoregulatory difference between fever and heatstroke.(C)
*Discuss how one may differentiate between fever and heatstroke.(C)
*Discuss the role of fluid therapy in the treatment of heat disorders.(C)
*Differentiate among the various treatments and interventions in the management of heat disorders.(C)
*Integrate the pathophysiological principles and the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient who has dehydration, heat exhaustion, or heatstroke.(C)
*Define hypothermia.(C)
*Describe the pathophysiology of hypothermia.(C)
*List measures to prevent hypothermia.(C)
*Identify differences between mild and severe hypothermia.(C)
*Describe differences between chronic and acute hypothermia.(C)
*List signs and symptoms of hypothermia.(C)
*Correlate abnormal findings in assessment with their clinical significance in the patient with hypothermia.(C)
*Discuss the impact of severe hypothermia on standard BCLS and ACLS algorithms and transport considerations.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles and the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient who has either mild or severe hypothermia.(C)
*Define frostbite.(C)
*Define superficial frostbite (frostnip).(C)
*Differentiate between superficial frostbite and deep frostbite.(C)
*List predisposing factors for frostbite.(C)
*List measures to prevent frostbite.(C)
*Correlate abnormal findings in assessment with their clinical significance in the patient with frostbite.(C)
*Differentiate among the various treatments and interventions in the management of frostbite.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles and the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient with superficial or deep frostbite.(C)
*Define near-drowning.(C)
*Describe the pathophysiology of near-drowning.(C)
*List signs and symptoms of near-drowning.(C)
*Describe the lack of significance of fresh versus saltwater immersion, as it relates to near- drowning.(C)
*Discuss the complications and protective role of hypothermia in the context of near- drowning.(C)
*Correlate the abnormal findings in assessment with the clinical significance in the patient with near-drowning.(C)
*Differentiate among the various treatments and interventions in the management of near- drowning.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the near-drowning patient.(C)
*Define self contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA).(C)
*Describe the laws of gasses and relate them to diving emergencies.(C)
*Describe the pathophysiology of diving emergencies.(C)
*Define decompression illness (DCI).(C)
*Identify the various forms of DCI.(C)
*Identify the various conditions that may result from pulmonary over-pressure accidents.(C)
*Differentiate between the various diving emergencies.(C)
*List signs and symptoms of diving emergencies.(C)
*Correlate abnormal findings in assessment with their clinical significance in the patient with a diving related illness.(C)
*Describe the function of the Divers Alert Network (DAN) and how its members may aid in the management of diving related illnesses.(C)
*Differentiate among the various treatments and interventions for the management of diving accidents.(C)
*Describe the specific function and benefit of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the management of diving accidents.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a management plan for the patient who has had a diving accident.(C)
*Define altitude illness.(C)
*Describe the application of gas laws to altitude illness.(C)
*Describe the etiology and epidemiology of altitude illness.(C)
*List predisposing factors for altitude illness.(C)
*List measures to prevent altitude illness.(C)
*Define acute mountain sickness (AMS).(C)
*Define high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE).(C)
*Define high altitude cerebral edema (HACE).(C)
*Discuss the symptomatic variations presented in progressive altitude illnesses.(C)
*List signs and symptoms of altitude illnesses.(C)
*Correlate abnormal findings in assessment with their clinical significance in the patient with altitude illness.(C)
*Discuss the pharmacology appropriate for the treatment of altitude illnesses.(C)
*Differentiate among the various treatments and interventions for the management of altitude illness.(C)
*Integrate pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient who has altitude illness.(C)
*Integrate the pathophysiological principles of the patient affected by an environmental emergency.(C)
*Differentiate between environmental emergencies based on assessment findings.(C)
*Correlate abnormal findings in the assessment with their clinical significance in the patient affected by an environmental emergency.(C)
*Develop a patient management plan based on the field impression of the patient affected by an environmental emergency.(C)

X. Infectious and Communicable Diseases
Unit Objective: At the completion of this unit, the paramedic student will be able to integrate pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a management plan for the patient with infectious and communicable diseases.
*Review the specific anatomy and physiology pertinent to infectious and communicable diseases.(C)
*Define specific terminology identified with infectious/ communicable diseases.(C)
*Discuss public health principles relevant to infectious/ communicable disease.(C)
*Identify public health agencies involved in the prevention and management of disease outbreaks.(C)
*List and describe the steps of an infectious process.(C)
*Discuss the risks associated with infection.(C)
*List and describe the stages of infectious diseases.(C)
*List and describe infectious agents, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoans, and helminths (worms).(C)
*Describe host defense mechanisms against infection.(C)
*Describe characteristics of the immune system, including the categories of white blood cells, the reticuloendothelial system (RES), and the complement system.(C)
*Describe the processes of the immune system defenses, to include humoral and cell-mediated immunity.(C)
*In specific diseases, identify and discuss the issues of personal isolation.(C)
*Describe and discuss the rationale for the various types of PPE.(C)
*Discuss what constitutes a significant exposure to an infectious agent.(C)
*Describe the assessment of a patient suspected of, or identified as having, an infectious/ communicable disease.(C)
*Discuss the proper disposal of contaminated supplies (sharps, gauze sponges, tourniquets, etc.).(C)
*Discuss disinfection of patient care equipment, and areas in which care of the patient occurred.(C)
*Discuss the following relative to HIV - causative agent, body systems affected and potential secondary complications, modes of transmission, the seroconversion rate after direct significant exposure, susceptibility and resistance, signs and symptoms, specific patient management and personal protective measures, and immunization.(C)
*Discuss Hepatitis A (infectious hepatitis), including the causative agent, body systems affected and potential secondary complications, routes of transmission, susceptibility and resistance, signs and symptoms, patient management and protective measures, and immunization.(C)
*Discuss Hepatitis B (serum hepatitis), including the causative agent, the organ affected and potential secondary complications, routes of transmission, signs and symptoms, patient management and protective measures, and immunization.(C)
*Discuss the susceptibility and resistance to Hepatitis B.(C)
*Discuss Hepatitis C, including the causative agent, the organ affected, routes of transmission, susceptibility and resistance, signs and symptoms, patient management and protective measures, and immunization and control measures.(C)
*Discuss Hepatitis D (Hepatitis delta virus), including the causative agent, the organ affected, routes of transmission, susceptibility and resistance, signs and symptoms, patient management and protective measures, and immunization and control measures.(C)
*Discuss Hepatitis E, including the causative agent, the organ affected, routes of transmission, susceptibility and resistance, signs and symptoms, patient management and protective measures, and immunization and control measures.(C)
*Discuss tuberculosis, including the causative agent, body systems affected and secondary complications, routes of transmission, susceptibility and resistance, signs and symptoms, patient management and protective measures, and immunization and control measures.(C)
*Discuss meningococcal meningitis (spinal meningitis), including causative organisms, tissues affected, modes of transmission, susceptibility and resistance, signs and symptoms, patient management and protective measures, and immunization and control measures.(C)
*Discuss other infectious agents known to cause meningitis including streptococcus pneumonia, hemophilus influenza type b, and other varieties of viruses.(C)
*Discuss pneumonia, including causative organisms, body systems affected, routes of transmission, susceptibility and resistance, signs and symptoms, patient management and protective measures, and immunization.(C)
*Discuss tetanus, including the causative organism, the body system affected, modes of transmission, susceptibility and resistance, signs and symptoms, patient management and protective measures, and immunization.(C)
*Discuss rabies and hantavirus as they apply to regional environmental exposures, including the causative organisms, the body systems affected, routes of transmission, susceptibility and resistance, signs and symptoms, patient management and protective measures, and immunization and control measures.(C)
*Identify pediatric viral diseases.(C)
*Discuss chickenpox, including the causative organism, the body system affected, mode of transmission, susceptibility and resistance, signs and symptoms, patient management and protective measures, and immunization and control measures.(C)
**Discuss smallpox, including the causative organism, the body system affected, mode of transmission, susceptibility and resistance, signs and symptoms, patient management and protective measures, and immunization and control measures.(C)
**Discuss anthrax, including the causative organism, the body system affected, mode of transmission, susceptibility and resistance, signs and symptoms, patient management and protective measures, and immunization and control measures.(C)
*Discuss mumps, including the causative organism, the body organs and systems affected, mode of transmission, susceptibility and resistance, signs and symptoms, patient management and protective measures, and immunization.(C)
*Discuss rubella (German measles), including the causative agent, the body tissues and systems affected, modes of transmission, susceptibility and resistance, signs and symptoms, patient management and protective measures, and immunization.(C)
*Discuss measles (rubeola, hard measles), including the causative organism, the body tissues, organs, and systems affected, mode of transmission, susceptibility and resistance, signs and symptoms, patient management and protective measures, and immunization.(C)
*Discuss the importance of immunization, and those diseases, especially in the pediatric population, which warrant widespread immunization (MMR).(C)
*Discuss pertussis (whooping cough), including the causative organism, the body organs affected, mode of transmission, susceptibility and resistance, signs and symptoms, patient management and protective measures, and immunization.(C)
*Discuss influenza, including causative organisms, the body system affected, mode of transmission, susceptibility and resistance, signs and symptoms, patient management and protective measures, and immunization.(C)
*Discuss mononucleosis, including the causative organisms, the body regions, organs, and systems affected, modes of transmission, susceptibility and resistance, signs and symptoms, patient management and protective measures, and immunization.(C)
*Discuss herpes simplex type 1, including the causative organism, the body regions and system affected, modes of transmission, susceptibility and resistance, signs and symptoms, patient management and protective measures, and immunization.(C)
*Discuss the characteristics of, and organisms associated with, febrile and afebrile respiratory disease, to include bronchiolitis, bronchitis, laryngitis, croup, epiglottitis, RSV, and the common cold.(C)
*Discuss syphilis, including the causative organism, the body regions, organs, and systems affected, modes of transmission, susceptibility and resistance, stages of signs and symptoms, patient management and protective measures, and immunization.(C)
*Discuss gonorrhea, including the causative organism, the body organs and associated structures affected, mode of transmission, susceptibility and resistance, signs and symptoms, patient management and protective measures, and immunization.(C)
*Discuss chlamydia, including the causative organism, the body regions, organs, and systems affected, modes of transmission, susceptibility and resistance, signs and symptoms, patient management and protective measures, and immunization.(C)
*Discuss herpes simplex 2 (genital herpes), including the causative organism, the body regions, tissues, and structures affected, mode of transmission, susceptibility and resistance, signs and symptoms, patient management and protective measures, and immunization.(C)
*Discuss scabies, including the etiologic agent, the body organs affected, modes of transmission, susceptibility and resistance, signs and symptoms, patient management and protective measures, and immunization.(C)
*Discuss lice, including the infesting agents, the body regions affected, modes of transmission and host factors, susceptibility and resistance, signs and symptoms, patient management and protective measures, and prevention.(C)
*Describe lyme disease, including the causative organism, the body organs and systems affected, mode of transmission, susceptibility and resistance, phases of signs and symptoms, patient management and control measures, and immunization.(C)
*Discuss gastroenteritis, including the causative organisms, the body system affected, modes of transmission, susceptibility and resistance, signs and symptoms, patient management and protective measures, and immunization.(C)
*Discuss the local protocol for reporting and documenting an infectious/ communicable disease exposure.(C)
*Articulate the pathophysiological principles of an infectious process given a case study of a patient with an infectious/ communicable disease.(C)
*Articulate the field assessment and management, to include safety considerations, of a patient presenting with signs and symptoms suggestive of an infectious/ communicable disease.(C)
*Advocate compliance with standards and guidelines by role modeling adherence to universal/ standard precautions and BSI.(B)
*Value the importance of immunization, especially in children and populations at risk.(B)
*Value the safe management of a patient with an infectious/ communicable disease.(B)
*Advocate respect for the feelings of patients, family, and others at the scene of an infectious/ communicable disease.(B)
*Advocate empathy for a patient with an infectious/ communicable disease.(B)
*Value the importance of infectious/ communicable disease control.(B)
*Consistently demonstrate the use of body substance isolation.(M)
*Demonstrate the ability to comply with body substance isolation guidelines.(M)
*Perform an assessment of a patient with an infectious/ communicable disease.(M)
*Effectively and safely manage a patient with an infectious/ communicable disease, including airway and ventilation care, support of circulation, pharmacological intervention, transport considerations, psychological support/ communication strategies, and other considerations as mandated by local protocol.(M)

XI. Behavioral and Psychiatric Disorders
Unit Objective: At the end of this unit, the paramedic student will be able to describe and demonstrate safe, empathetic competence in caring for patients with behavioral emergencies.
*Define behavior and distinguish between normal and abnormal behavior.(C)
*Define behavioral emergency.(C)
*Discuss the prevalence of behavior and psychiatric disorders.(C)
*Discuss the factors that may alter the behavior or emotional status of an ill or injured individual.(C)
*Describe the medical legal considerations for management of emotionally disturbed patients.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of behavioral and psychiatric disorders.(C)
*Describe the overt behaviors associated with behavioral and psychiatric disorders.(C)
*Define the following terms:(C)
a. Affect
b. Anger
c. Anxiety
d. Confusion
e. Depression
f. Fear
g. Mental status
h. Open-ended question
i. Posture
*Describe the verbal techniques useful in managing the emotionally disturbed patient.(C)
*List the reasons for taking appropriate measures to ensure the safety of the patient, paramedic and others.(C)
*Describe the circumstances when relatives, bystanders and others should be removed from the scene.(C)
*Describe the techniques that facilitate the systematic gathering of information from the disturbed patient.(C)
*List situations in which the paramedic is expected to transport a patient forcibly and against his will.(C)
*Identify techniques for physical assessment in a patient with behavioral problems.(C)
*Describe methods of restraint that may be necessary in managing the emotionally disturbed patient.(C)
*List the risk factors for suicide.(C)
*List the behaviors that may be seen indicating that patient may be at risk for suicide.(C)
*Integrate the pathophysiological principles with the assessment of the patient with behavioral and psychiatric disorders.(C)
*Differentiate between the various behavioral and psychiatric disorders based on the assessment and history.(C)
*Formulate a field impression based on the assessment findings.(C)
*Develop a patient management plan based on the field impressions.(C)
*Advocate for empathetic and respectful treatment for individuals experiencing behavioral emergencies.(B)
*Demonstrate safe techniques for managing and restraining a violent patient.(M)

XII. Gynecology
Unit Objective: At the end of this unit, the paramedic student will be able to utilize gynecological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement the management plan for the patient experiencing a gynecological emergency.
*Review the anatomic structures and physiology of the female reproductive system.(C)
*Identify the normal events of the menstrual cycle.(C)
*Describe how to assess a patient with a gynecological complaint.(C)
*Explain how to recognize a gynecological emergency.(C)
*Describe the general care for any patient experiencing a gynecological emergency.(C)
*Describe the pathophysiology, assessment, and management of specific gynecological emergencies.(C)
*Value the importance of maintaining a patient's modesty and privacy while still being able to obtain necessary information.(B)
*Defend the need to provide care for a patient of sexual assault, while still preventing destruction of crime scene information.(B)
*Serve as a role model for other EMS providers when discussing or caring for patients with gynecological emergencies.(M)
*Demonstrate how to assess a patient with a gynecological complaint.(M)
*Demonstrate how to provide care for a patient with:(M)
a. Excessive vaginal bleeding
b. Abdominal pain
c. Sexual assault

XIII. Obstetrics
Unit Objective: At the completion of this unit, the paramedic student will be able to apply an understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the female reproductive system to the assessment and management of a patient experiencing normal or abnormal labor.
*Review the anatomic structures and physiology of the reproductive system.(C)
*Identify the normal events of pregnancy.(C)
*Describe how to assess an obstetrical patient.(C)
*Identify the stages of labor and the paramedic's role in each stage.(C)
*Differentiate between normal and abnormal delivery.(C)
*Identify and describe complications associated with pregnancy and delivery.(C)
*Identify predelivery emergencies.(C)
*State indications of an imminent delivery.(C)
*Explain the use of the contents of an obstetrics kit.(C)
*Differentiate the management of a patient with predelivery emergencies from a normal delivery.(C)
*State the steps in the predelivery preparation of the mother.(C)
*Establish the relationship between body substance isolation and childbirth.(C)
*State the steps to assist in the delivery of a newborn.(C)
*Describe how to care for the newborn.(C)
*Describe how and when to cut the umbilical cord.(C)
*Discuss the steps in the delivery of the placenta.(C)
*Describe the management of the mother post-delivery.(C)
*Summarize neonatal resuscitation procedures.(C)
*Describe the procedures for handling abnormal deliveries.(C)
*Describe the procedures for handling complications of pregnancy.(C)
*Describe the procedures for handling maternal complications of labor.(C)
*Describe special considerations when meconium is present in amniotic fluid or during delivery.(C)
*Describe special considerations of a premature baby.(C)
*Advocate the need for treating two patients (mother and baby).(B)
*Value the importance of maintaining a patient's modesty and privacy during assessment and management.(B)
*Serve as a role model for other EMS providers when discussing or performing the steps of childbirth.(B)
*Demonstrate how to assess an obstetric patient.(M)
*Demonstrate how to provide care for a patient with:(M)
a. Excessive vaginal bleeding
b. Abdominal pain
c. Hypertensive crisis
*Demonstrate how to prepare the obstetric patient for delivery.(M)
*Demonstrate how to assist in the normal cephalic delivery of the fetus.(M)
*Demonstrate how to deliver the placenta.(M)
*Demonstrate how to provide post-delivery care of the mother.(M)
*Demonstrate how to assist with abnormal deliveries.(M)
*Demonstrate how to care for the mother with delivery complications.(M)

XV. Neonatology
Unit Objective: At the completion of this unit, the paramedic student will be able to integrate pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for a neonatal patient.
*Define the term newborn.(C)
*Define the term neonate.(C)
*Identify important antepartum factors that can affect childbirth.(C)
*Identify important intrapartum factors that can term the newborn high risk.(C)
*Identify the factors that lead to premature birth and low birth weight newborns.(C)
*Distinguish between primary and secondary apnea.(C)
*Discuss pulmonary perfusion and asphyxia.(C)
*Identify the primary signs utilized for evaluating a newborn during resuscitation.(C)
*Formulate an appropriate treatment plan for providing initial care to a newborn.(C)
*Identify the appropriate use of the APGAR score in caring for a newborn.(C)
*Calculate the APGAR score given various newborn situations.(C)
*Determine when ventilatory assistance is appropriate for a newborn.(C)
*Prepare appropriate ventilation equipment, adjuncts and technique for a newborn.(C)
*Determine when chest compressions are appropriate for a newborn.(C)
*Discuss appropriate chest compression techniques for a newborn.(C)
*Assess patient improvement due to chest compressions and ventilations.(C)
*Determine when endotracheal intubation is appropriate for a newborn.(C)
*Discuss appropriate endotracheal intubation techniques for a newborn.(C)
*Assess patient improvement due to endotracheal intubation.(C)
*Identify complications related to endotracheal intubation for a newborn.(C)
*Determine when vascular access is indicated for a newborn.(C)
*Discuss the routes of medication administration for a newborn.(C)
*Determine when blow-by oxygen delivery is appropriate for a newborn.(C)
*Discuss appropriate blow-by oxygen delivery devices and technique for a newborn.(C)
*Assess patient improvement due to assisted ventilations.(C)
*Determine when an orogastric tube should be inserted during positive-pressure ventilation.(C)
*Discuss the signs of hypovolemia in a newborn.(C)
*Discuss the initial steps in resuscitation of a newborn.(C)
*Assess patient improvement due to blow-by oxygen delivery.(C)
*Discuss the effects maternal narcotic usage has on the newborn.(C)
*Determine the appropriate treatment for the newborn with narcotic depression.(C)
*Discuss appropriate transport guidelines for a newborn.(C)
*Determine appropriate receiving facilities for low and high risk newborns.(C)
*Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality, risk factors and prevention strategies for meconium aspiration.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of meconium aspiration.(C)
*Discuss the assessment findings associated with meconium aspiration.(C)
*Discuss the management/ treatment plan for meconium aspiration.(C)
*Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality, risk factors and prevention strategies for apnea in the neonate.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of apnea in the neonate.(C)
*Discuss the assessment findings associated with apnea in the neonate.(C)
*Discuss the management/ treatment plan for apnea in the neonate.(C)
*Describe the epidemiology, pathophysiology, assessment findings, management/ treatment plan for diaphragmatic hernia.(C)
*Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality and risk factors for bradycardia in the neonate.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of bradycardia in the neonate.(C)
*Discuss the assessment findings associated with bradycardia in the neonate.(C)
*Discuss the management/ treatment plan for bradycardia in the neonate.(C)
*Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality and risk factors for premature infants.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of premature infants.(C)
*Discuss the assessment findings associated with premature infants.(C)
*Discuss the management/ treatment plan for premature infants.(C)
*Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality and risk factors for respiratory distress/ cyanosis in the neonate.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of respiratory distress/ cyanosis in the neonate.(C)
*Discuss the assessment findings associated with respiratory distress/ cyanosis in the neonate.(C)
*Discuss the management/ treatment plan for respiratory distress/ cyanosis in the neonate.(C)
*Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality and risk factors for seizures in the neonate.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of seizures in the neonate.(C)
*Discuss the assessment findings associated with seizures in the neonate.(C)
*Discuss the management/ treatment plan for seizures in the neonate.(C)
*Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality and risk factors for fever in the neonate.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of fever in the neonate.(C)
*Discuss the assessment findings associated with fever in the neonate.(C)
*Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality and risk factors for hypothermia in the neonate.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of hypothermia in the neonate.(C)
*Discuss the assessment findings associated with hypothermia in the neonate.(C)
*Discuss the management/ treatment plan for hypothermia in the neonate.(C)
*Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality and risk factors for hypoglycemia in the neonate.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of hypoglycemia in the neonate.(C)
*Discuss the assessment findings associated with hypoglycemia in the neonate.(C)
*Discuss the management/ treatment plan for hypoglycemia in the neonate.(C)
*Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality and risk factors for vomiting in the neonate.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of vomiting in the neonate.(C)
*Discuss the assessment findings associated with vomiting in the neonate.(C)
*Discuss the management/ treatment plan for vomiting in the neonate.(C)
*Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality and risk factors for diarrhea in the neonate.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of in diarrhea the neonate.(C)
*Discuss the assessment findings associated with diarrhea in the neonate.(C)
*Discuss the management/ treatment plan for diarrhea in the neonate.(C)
*Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality and risk factors for common birth injuries in the neonate.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of common birth injuries in the neonate.(C)
*Discuss the assessment findings associated with common birth injuries in the neonate.(C)
*Discuss the management/ treatment plan for common birth injuries in the neonate.(C)
*Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality and risk factors for cardiac arrest in the neonate.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of cardiac arrest in the neonate.(C)
*Discuss the assessment findings associated with cardiac arrest in the neonate.(C)
*Discuss the management/ treatment plan for cardiac arrest in the neonate.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of post arrest management of the neonate.(C)
*Discuss the assessment findings associated with post arrest situations in the neonate.(C)
*Discuss the management/ treatment plan to stabilize the post arrest neonate.(C)
*Demonstrate and advocate appropriate interaction with a newborn/ neonate that conveys respect for their position in life.(B)
*Recognize the emotional impact of newborn/ neonate injuries/ illnesses on parents/ guardians.(B)
*Recognize and appreciate the physical and emotional difficulties associated with separation of the parent/ guardian and a newborn/ neonate.(B)
*Listen to the concerns expressed by parents/ guardians.(B)
*Attend to the need for reassurance, empathy and compassion for the parent/ guardian.(B)
*Demonstrate preparation of a newborn resuscitation area.(M)
*Demonstrate appropriate assessment technique for examining a newborn.(M)
*Demonstrate appropriate assisted ventilations for a newborn.(M)
*Demonstrate appropriate endotracheal intubation technique for a newborn.(M)
*Demonstrate appropriate meconium aspiration suctioning technique for a newborn.(M)
*Demonstrate appropriate insertion of an orogastric tube.(M)
*Demonstrate needle chest decompression for a newborn or neonate.(M)
*Demonstrate appropriate chest compression and ventilation technique for a newborn.(M)
*Demonstrate appropriate techniques to improve or eliminate endotracheal intubation complications.(M)
*Demonstrate vascular access cannulation techniques for a newborn.(M)
*Demonstrate the initial steps in resuscitation of a newborn.(M)
*Demonstrate blow-by oxygen delivery for a newborn.(M)

XV. Pediatrics
Unit Objective: At the completion of this unit, the paramedic student will be able to integrate pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the pediatric patient.
*Discuss the paramedic's role in the reduction of infant and childhood morbidity and mortality from acute illness and injury.(C)
*Identify methods/ mechanisms that prevent injuries to infants and children.(C)
*Describe Emergency Medical Services for Children (EMSC).(C)
*Discuss how an integrated EMSC system can affect patient outcome.(C)
*Identify key growth and developmental characteristics of infants and children and their implications.(C)
*Identify key anatomical and physiological characteristics of infants and children and their implications.(C)
*Describe techniques for successful assessment of infants and children.(C)
*Describe the rapid pediatric cardiopulmonary assessment.(C)
*Describe techniques for successful treatment of infants and children.(C)
*Identify the common responses of families to acute illness and injury of an infant or child.(C)
*Describe techniques for successful interaction with families of acutely ill or injured infants and children.(C)
*Outline differences in adult and childhood anatomy and physiology.(C)
*Identify "normal" age group related vital signs.(C)
*Discuss the appropriate equipment utilized to obtain pediatric vital signs.(C)
*List the indications and methods for gastric decompression for infants and children.(C)
*Define respiratory distress.(C)
*Define respiratory failure.(C)
*Define respiratory arrest.(C)
*Differentiate between upper airway obstruction and lower airway disease.(C)
*Describe the general approach to the treatment of children with respiratory distress, failure, or arrest from upper airway obstruction or lower airway disease.(C)
*Discuss the common causes of hypoperfusion in infants and children.(C)
*Evaluate the severity of hypoperfusion in infants and children.(C)
*Identify the major classifications of pediatric cardiac rhythms.(C)
*Describe the primary etiologies of altered level of consciousness in infants and children.(C)
*Identify common lethal mechanisms of injury in infants and children.(C)
*Discuss anatomical features of children that predispose or protect them from certain injuries.(C)
*Describe aspects of infant and children airway management that are affected by potential cervical spine injury. (C)
*Determine infant and child trauma patients who require spinal immobilization.(C)
*Discuss fluid management and shock treatment for infant and child trauma patient.(C)
*Determine when pain management and sedation are appropriate for infants and children.(C)
*Define child abuse.(C)
*Define child neglect.(C)
*Define sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).(C)
*Discuss the parent/ caregiver responses to the death of an infant or child.(C)
*Define children with special health care needs.(C)
*Define technology assisted children.(C)
*Discuss appropriate transport guidelines for infants and children.(C)
*Discuss appropriate receiving facilities for low and high risk infants and children.(C)
*Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality, risk factors and prevention strategies for respiratory distress/ failure in infants and children.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of respiratory distress/ failure in infants and children.(C)
*Discuss the assessment findings associated with respiratory distress/ failure in infants and children.(C)
*Discuss the management/ treatment plan for respiratory distress/ failure in infants and children.(C)
*Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality, risk factors and prevention strategies for hypoperfusion in infants and children.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of hypoperfusion in infants and children.(C)
*Discuss the assessment findings associated with hypoperfusion in infants and children.(C)
*Discuss the management/ treatment plan for hypoperfusion in infants and children.(C)
*Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality, risk factors and prevention strategies for cardiac dysrhythmias in infants and children.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of cardiac dysrhythmias in infants and children.(C)
*Discuss the assessment findings associated with cardiac dysrhythmias in infants and children.(C)
*Discuss the management/ treatment plan for cardiac dysrhythmias in infants and children.(C)
*Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality, risk factors and prevention strategies for neurological emergencies in infants and children.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of neurological emergencies in infants and children.(C)
*Discuss the assessment findings associated with neurological emergencies in infants and children.(C)
*Discuss the management/ treatment plan for neurological emergencies in infants and children.(C)
*Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality, risk factors and prevention strategies for trauma in infants and children.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of trauma in infants and children.(C)
*Discuss the assessment findings associated with trauma in infants and children.(C)
*Discuss the management/ treatment plan for trauma in infants and children.(C)
*Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality, risk factors and prevention strategies for abuse and neglect in infants and children.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of abuse and neglect in infants and children.(C)
*Discuss the assessment findings associated with abuse and neglect in infants and children.(C)
*Discuss the management/ treatment plan for abuse and neglect in infants and children, including documentation and reporting.(C)
*Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality, risk factors and prevention strategies for SIDS infants.(C)
*Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality, risk factors and prevention strategies for children with special health care needs including technology assisted children.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of children with special health care needs including technology assisted children.(C)
*Discuss the assessment findings associated for children with special health care needs including technology assisted children.(C)
*Discuss the management/ treatment plan for children with special health care needs including technology assisted children.(C)
*Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality, risk factors and prevention strategies for SIDS infants.(C)
*Discuss the pathophysiology of SIDS in infants.(C)
*Discuss the assessment findings associated with SIDS infants.(C)
*Demonstrate and advocate appropriate interactions with the infant/ child that conveys an understanding of their developmental stage.(B)
*Recognize the emotional dependance of the infant/ child to their parent/ guardian.(B)
*Recognize the emotional impact of the infant/ child injuries and illnesses on the parent/ guardian.(B)
*Recognize and appreciate the physical and emotional difficulties associated with separation of the parent/ guardian of a special needs child.(B)
*Demonstrate the ability to provide reassurance, empathy and compassion for the parent/ guardian.(M)
*Demonstrate the appropriate approach for treating infants and children.(M)
*Demonstrate appropriate intervention techniques with families of acutely ill or injured infants and children.(M)
*Demonstrate an appropriate assessment for different developmental age groups.(M)
*Demonstrate an appropriate technique for measuring pediatric vital signs.(M)
*Demonstrate the use of a length-based resuscitation device for determining equipment sizes, drug doses and other pertinent information for a pediatric patient.(M)
*Demonstrate the appropriate approach for treating infants and children with respiratory distress, failure, and arrest.(M)
*Demonstrate proper placement of a gastric tube in infants and children.(M)
*Demonstrate appropriate immobilization techniques for infant and child trauma patients.(M)
*Demonstrate treatment of infants and children with head injuries.(M)
*Demonstrate appropriate treatment of infants and children with chest injuries.(M)
*Demonstrate appropriate treatment of infants and children with abdominal injuries.(M)
*Demonstrate appropriate treatment of infants and children with extremity injuries.(M)
*Demonstrate appropriate treatment of infants and children with burns.(M)
*Demonstrate appropriate parent/ caregiver interviewing techniques for infant and child death situations.(M)

XVI. Geriatrics
Unit objective: At the completion of this unit, the paramedic student will be able to integrate the pathophysiological principles and the assessment findings to formulate and implement a treatment plan for the geriatric patient.
*Discuss population demographics demonstrating the rise in elderly population in the U.S.(C)
*Discuss society's view of aging and the social, financial, and ethical issues facing the elderly.(C)
*Assess the various living environments of elderly patients.(C)
*Describe the local resources available to assist the elderly and create strategies to refer at risk patients to appropriate community services.(C)
*Discuss issues facing society concerning the elderly.(C)
*Discuss common emotional and psychological reactions to aging to include causes and manifestations.(C)
*Apply the pathophysiology of multi-system failure to the assessment and management of medical conditions in the elderly patient.(C)
*Discuss the problems with mobility in the elderly and develop strategies to prevent falls.(C)
*Discuss the implications of problems with sensation to communication and patient assessment.(C)
*Discuss the problems with continence and elimination and develop communication strategies to provide psychological support.(C)
*Discuss factors that may complicate the assessment of the elderly patient.(C)
*Describe principles that should be employed when assessing and communicating with the elderly.(C)
*Compare the assessment of a young patient with that of an elderly patient.(C)
*Discuss common complaints of elderly patients.(C)
*Compare the pharmacokinetics of an elderly patient to that of a young adult.(C)
*Discuss the impact of polypharmacy and medication non-compliance on patient assessment and management.(C)
*Discuss drug distribution, metabolism, and excretion in the elderly patient.(C)
*Discuss medication issues of the elderly including polypharmacy, dosing errors and increased drug sensitivity.(C)
*Discuss the use and effects of commonly prescribed drugs for the elderly patient.(C)
*Discuss the normal and abnormal changes with age of the pulmonary system.(C)
*Describe the epidemiology of pulmonary diseases in the elderly, including incidence, morbidity/ mortality, risk factors, and prevention strategies for patients with pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and pulmonary embolism.(C)
*Compare and contrast the pathophysiology of pulmonary diseases in the elderly with that of a younger adult, including pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and pulmonary embolism.(C)
*Discuss the assessment of the elderly patient with pulmonary complaints, including pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and pulmonary embolism.(C)
*Identify the need for intervention and transport of the elderly patient with pulmonary complaints.(C)
*Develop a treatment and management plan of the elderly patient with pulmonary complaints, including pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and pulmonary embolism.(C)
*Discuss the normal and abnormal cardiovascular system changes with age.(C)
*Describe the epidemiology for cardiovascular diseases in the elderly, including incidence, morbidity/ mortality, risk factors, and prevention strategies for patients with myocardial infarction, heart failure, dysrhythmias, aneurism, and hypertension.(C)

*Compare and contrast the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly with that of a younger adult, including myocardial infarction, heart failure, dysrhythmias, aneurism, and hypertension.(C)
*Discuss the assessment of the elderly patient with complaints related to the cardiovascular system, including myocardial infarction, heart failure, dysrhythmias, aneurism, and hypertension.(C)
*Identify the need for intervention and transportation of the elderly patient with cardiovascular complaints.(C)
*Develop a treatment and management plan of the elderly patient with cardiovascular complaints, including myocardial infarction, heart failure, dysrhythmias, aneurism and hypertension.(C)
*Discuss the normal and abnormal changes with age of the nervous system.(C)
*Describe the epidemiology for nervous system diseases in the elderly, including incidence, morbidity/ mortality, risk factors, and prevention strategies for patients with cerebral vascular disease, delirium, dementia, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.(C)
*Compare and contrast the pathophysiology of nervous system diseases in the elderly with that of a younger adult, including cerebral vascular disease, delirium, dementia, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.(C)
*Discuss the assessment of the elderly patient with complaints related to the nervous system, including cerebral vascular disease, delirium, dementia, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.(C)
*Identify the need for intervention and transportation of the patient with complaints related to the nervous system.(C)
*Develop a treatment and management plan of the elderly patient with complaints related to the nervous system, including cerebral vascular disease, delirium, dementia, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.(C)
*Discuss the normal and abnormal changes of the endocrine system with age.(C)
*Describe the epidemiology for endocrine diseases in the elderly, including incidence, morbidity/ mortality, risk factors, and prevention strategies for patients with diabetes and thyroid diseases.(C)
*Compare and contrast the pathophysiology of diabetes and thyroid diseases in the elderly with that of a younger adult.(C)
*Discuss the assessment of the elderly patient with complaints related to the endocrine system, including diabetes and thyroid diseases.(C)
*Identify the need for intervention and transportation of the patient with endocrine problems.(C)
*Develop a treatment and management plan of the elderly patient with endocrine problems, including diabetes and thyroid diseases.(C)
*Discuss the normal and abnormal changes of the gastrointestinal system with age.(C)
*Discuss the assessment of the elderly patient with complaints related to the gastrointestinal system.(C)
*Identify the need for intervention and transportation of the patient with gastrointestinal complaints.(C)
*Develop and execute a treatment and management plan of the elderly patient with gastrointestinal problems.(C)
*Discuss the assessment and management of an elderly patient with GI hemorrhage and bowel obstruction.(C)
*Compare and contrast the pathophysiology of GI hemorrhage and bowel obstruction in the elderly with that of a young adult.(C)
*Discuss the normal and abnormal changes with age related to toxicology.(C)
*Discuss the assessment of the elderly patient with complaints related to toxicology.(C)
*Identify the need for intervention and transportation of the patient with toxicological problems.(C)
*Develop and execute a treatment and management plan of the elderly patient with toxicological problems.(C)
*Describe the epidemiology in the elderly, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality, risk factors, and prevention strategies, for patients with drug toxicity.(C)
*Compare and contrast the pathophysiology of drug toxicity in the elderly with that of a younger adult.(C)
*Discuss the assessment findings common in elderly patients with drug toxicity.(C)
*Discuss the management/ considerations when treating an elderly patient with drug toxicity.(C)
*Describe the epidemiology for drug and alcohol abuse in the elderly, including incidence, morbidity/ mortality, risk factors, and prevention strategies.(C)
*Compare and contrast the pathophysiology of drug and alcohol abuse in the elderly with that of a younger adult.(C)
*Discuss the assessment findings common in elderly patients with drug and alcohol abuse.(C)
*Discuss the management/ considerations when treating an elderly patient with drug and alcohol abuse.(C)
*Discuss the normal and abnormal changes of thermoregulation with age.(C)
*Discuss the assessment of the elderly patient with complaints related to thermoregulation.(C)
*Identify the need for intervention and transportation of the patient with environmental considerations.(C)
*Develop and execute a treatment and management plan of the elderly patient with environmental considerations.(C)
*Compare and contrast the pathophysiology of hypothermia and hyperthermia in the elderly with that of a younger adult.(C)
*Discuss the assessment findings and management plan for elderly patients with hypothermia and hyperthermia.(C)
*Discuss the normal and abnormal psychiatric changes of age.(C)
*Describe the epidemiology of depression and suicide in the elderly, including incidence, morbidity/ mortality, risk factors, and prevention strategies.(C)
*Compare and contrast the psychiatry of depression and suicide in the elderly with that of a younger adult.(C)
*Discuss the assessment of the elderly patient with psychiatric complaints, including depression and suicide.(C)
*Identify the need for intervention and transport of the elderly psychiatric patient.(C)
*Develop a treatment and management plan of the elderly psychiatric patient, including depression and suicide.(C)
*Discuss the normal and abnormal changes of the integumentary system with age.(C)
*Describe the epidemiology for pressure ulcers in the elderly, including incidence, morbidity/ mortality, risk factors, and prevention strategies.(C)
*Compare and contrast the pathophysiology of pressure ulcers in the elderly with that of a younger adult.(C)
*Discuss the assessment of the elderly patient with complaints related to the integumentary system, including pressure ulcers.(C)
*Identify the need for intervention and transportation of the patient with complaints related to the integumentary system.(C)
*Develop a treatment and management plan of the elderly patient with complaints related to the integumentary system, including pressure ulcers.(C)
*Discuss the normal and abnormal changes of the musculoskeletal system with age.(C)
*Describe the epidemiology for osteoarthritis and osteoporosis, including incidence, morbidity/ mortality, risk factors, and prevention strategies.(C)
*Compare and contrast the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis and osteoporosis with that of a younger adult.(C)
*Discuss the assessment of the elderly patient with complaints related to the musculoskeletal system, including osteoarthritis and osteoporosis.(C)
*Identify the need for intervention and transportation of the patient with musculoskeletal complaints.(C)
*Develop a treatment and management plan of the elderly patient with musculoskeletal complaints, including osteoarthritis and osteoporosis.(C)
*Describe the epidemiology for trauma in the elderly, including incidence, morbidity/ mortality, risk factors, and prevention strategies for patients with orthopedic injuries, burns and head injuries.(C)
*Compare and contrast the pathophysiology of trauma in the elderly with that of a younger adult, including orthopedic injuries, burns and head injuries.(C)
*Discuss the assessment findings common in elderly patients with traumatic injuries, including orthopedic injuries, burns and head injuries.(C)
*Discuss the management/ considerations when treating an elderly patient with traumatic injuries, including orthopedic injuries, burns and head injuries.(C)
*Identify the need for intervention and transport of the elderly patient with trauma.(C)
*Demonstrate and advocate appropriate interactions with the elderly that conveys respect for their position in life.(B)
*Recognize the emotional need for independence in the elderly while simultaneously attending to their apparent acute dependence.(B)
*Recognize and appreciate the many impediments to physical and emotional well being in the elderly.(B)
*Recognize and appreciate the physical and emotional difficulties associated with being a caretaker of an impaired elderly person, particularly the patient with Alzheimer's disease.(B)
*Demonstrate the ability to assess a geriatric patient.(M)
*Demonstrate the ability to adjust their assessment to a geriatric patient.(M)

XVII. Abuse and Assault
Unit Objective: At the completion of this unit, the paramedic student will be able to integrate the assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the patient who has sustained abuse or assault.
*Discuss the incidence of abuse and assault.(C)
*Describe the categories of abuse.(C)
*Discuss examples of spouse abuse.(C)
*Discuss examples of elder abuse.(C)
*Discuss examples of child abuse.(C)
*Discuss examples of sexual assault.(C)
*Describe the characteristics associated with the profile of the typical abuser of a spouse.(C)
*Describe the characteristics associated with the profile of the typical abuser of the elder.(C)
*Describe the characteristics associated with the profile of the typical abuser of children.(C)
*Describe the characteristics associated with the profile of the typical assailant of sexual assault.(C)
*Identify the profile of the "at-risk'' spouse.(C)
*Identify the profile of the "at-risk'' elder.(C)
*Identify the profile of the "at-risk'' child.(C)
*Discuss the assessment and management of the abused patient.(C)
*Discuss the legal aspects associated with abuse situations.(C)
*Identify community resources that are able to assist victims of abuse and assault.(C)
*Discuss the documentation associated with abused and assaulted patient.(C)
*Demonstrate sensitivity to the abused patient.(B)
*Value the behavior of the abused patient.(B)
*Attend to the emotional state of the abused patient.(B)
*Recognize the value of non-verbal communication with the abused patient.(B)
*Attend to the needs for reassurance, empathy and compassion with the abused patient.(B)
*Listen to the concerns expressed by the abused patient.(B)
*Listen and value the concerns expressed by the sexually assaulted patient.(B)
*Demonstrate the ability to assess a spouse, elder or child abused patient.(M)
*Demonstrate the ability to assess a sexually assaulted patient.(M)

XVIII. Patients with Special Challenges
Unit Objective: At the completion of this unit the paramedic student will be able to integrate pathophysiological and psychosocial principles to adapt the assessment and treatment plan for diverse patients and those who face physical, mental, social and financial challenges.
*Describe the various etiologies and types of hearing impairments.(C)
*Recognize the patient with a hearing impairment.(C)
*Anticipate accommodations that may be needed in order to properly manage the patient with a hearing impairment.(C)
*Describe the various etiologies of visual impairments.(C)
*Recognize the patient with a visual impairment.(C)
*Anticipate accommodations that may be needed in order to properly manage the patient with a visual impairment.(C)
*Describe the various etiologies and types of speech impairments.(C)
*Recognize the patient with a speech impairment.(C)
*Anticipate accommodations that may be needed in order to properly manage the patient with a speech impairment.(C)
*Describe the various etiologies of obesity.(C)
*Anticipate accommodations that may be needed it order to properly manage the patient with obesity.(C)
*Describe paraplegia/ quadriplegia.(C)
*Anticipate accommodations that may be needed in order to properly manage the patient with paraplegia/ quadriplegia.(C)
*Define mental illness.(C)
*Describe the various etiologies of mental illness.(C)
*Recognize the presenting signs of the various mental illnesses.(C)
*Anticipate accommodations that may be needed in order to properly manage the patient with a mental illness.(C)
*Define the term developmentally disabled.(C)
*Recognize the patient with a developmental disability.(C)
*Anticipate accommodations that may be needed in order to properly manage the patient with a developmental disability.(C)
*Describe Down's syndrome.(C)
*Recognize the patient with Down's syndrome.(C)
*Anticipate accommodations that may be needed in order to properly manage the patient with Down's syndrome.(C)
*Describe the various etiologies of emotional impairment.(C)
*Recognize the patient with an emotional impairment.(C)
*Anticipate accommodations that may be needed in order to properly manage the patient with an emotional impairment.(C)
*Define emotional/ mental impairment (EMI).(C)
*Recognize the patient with an emotional or mental impairment.(C)
*Anticipate accommodations that may be needed in order to properly manage patients with an emotional or mental impairment.(C)
*Describe the following diseases/ illnesses:(C)
a. Arthritis
b. Cancer
c. Cerebral palsy
d. Cystic fibrosis
e. Multiple sclerosis
f. Muscular dystrophy
g. Myasthenia gravis
h. Poliomyelitis
i. Spina bifida
j. Patients with a previous head injury
*Identify the possible presenting sign(s) for the following diseases/ illnesses:(C)
a. Arthritis
b. Cancer
c. Cerebral palsy
d. Cystic fibrosis
e. Multiple sclerosis
f. Muscular dystrophy
g. Myasthenia gravis
h. Poliomyelitis
i. Spina bifida
j. Patients with a previous head injury
*Anticipate accommodations that may be needed in order to properly manage the following patients:(C)
a. Arthritis
b. Cancer
c. Cerebral palsy
d. Cystic fibrosis
e. Multiple sclerosis
f. Muscular dystrophy
g. Myasthenia gravis
h. Poliomyelitis
i. Spina bifida
j. Patients with a previous head injury
*Define cultural diversity.(C)
*Recognize a patient who is culturally diverse.(C)
*Anticipate accommodations that may be needed in order to properly manage a patient who is culturally diverse.(C)
*Identify a patient that is terminally ill.(C)
*Anticipate accommodations that may be needed in order to properly manage a patient who is terminally ill.(C)
*Identify a patient with a communicable disease.(C)
*Recognize the presenting signs of a patient with a communicable disease.(C)
*Anticipate accommodations that may be needed in order to properly manage a patient with a communicable disease.(C)
*Recognize sign(s) of financial impairments.(C)
*Anticipate accommodations that may be needed in order to properly manage the patient with a financial impairment.(C)

XIX. Acute Interventions for the Chronic Care Patient
**Unit Objective: At the completion of this unit, the paramedic student will be able to integrate the pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the acute deterioration of a chronic care patient.
*Compare and contrast the primary objectives of the ALS professional and the home care professional.(C)
*Identify the importance of home health care medicine as related to the ALS level of care.(C)
*Differentiate between the role of EMS provider and the role of the home care provider.(C)
*Compare and contrast the primary objectives of acute care, home care and hospice care.(C)
*Summarize the types of home health care available in your area and the services provided.(C)
*Discuss the aspects of home care that result in enhanced quality of care for a given patient.(C)
*Discuss the aspects of home care that have a potential to become a detriment to the quality of care for a given patient.(C)
*List complications commonly seen in the home care patients which result in their hospitalization.(C)
*Compare the cost, mortality and quality of care for a given patient in the hospital versus the home care setting.(C)
*Discuss the significance of palliative care programs as related to a patient in a home health care setting.(C)
*Define hospice care, comfort care and DNR/ DNAR as they relate to local practice, law and policy.(C)
*List the stages of the grief process and relate them to an individual in hospice care.(C)
*List pathologies and complications typical to home care patients.(C)
*Given a home care scenario, predict complications requiring ALS intervention.(C)
*Given a series of home care scenarios, determine which patients should receive follow-up home care and which should be transported to an emergency care facility.(C)
*Describe airway maintenance devices typically found in the home care environment.(C)
*Describe devices that provide or enhance alveolar ventilation in the home care setting.(C)
*List modes of artificial ventilation and an out-of-hospital situation where each might be employed.(C)
*List vascular access devices found in the home care setting.(C)
*Recognize standard central venous access devices utilized in home health care.(C)
*Describe the basic universal characteristics of central venous catheters.(C)
*Describe the basic universal characteristics of implantable injection devices.(C)
*List devices found in the home care setting that are used to empty, irrigate or deliver nutrition or medication to the GI/ GU tract.(C)
*Describe complications of assessing each of the airway, vascular access, and GI/ GU devices described above.(C)
*Given a series of scenarios, demonstrate the appropriate ALS interventions.(C)
*Given a series of scenarios, demonstrate interaction and support with the family members/ support persons for a patient who has died.(C)
*Describe common complications with central venous access and implantable drug administration ports in the out-of-hospital setting.(C)
*Describe the indications and contraindications for urinary catheter insertion in an out-of- hospital setting.(C)
*Identify the proper anatomy for placement of urinary catheters in males or females.(C)
*Identify failure of GI/ GU devices found in the home care setting.(C)
*Identify failure of ventilatory devices found in the home care setting.(C)
*Identify failure of vascular access devices found in the home care setting.(C)
*Identify failure of drains.(C)
*Differentiate between home care and acute care as preferable situations for a given patient scenario.(C)
*Discuss the relationship between local home care treatment protocols/ SOPs and local EMS.(C) *Protocols/ SOPs.(C)
*Discuss differences in individuals ability to accept and cope with their own impending death.(C)
*Discuss the rights of the terminally ill.(C)
*Value the role of the home-care professional and understand their role in patient care along the life-span continuum.(B)
*Value the patient's desire to remain in the home setting.(B)
*Value the patient's desire to accept or deny hospice care.(B)
*Value the uses of long term venous access in the home health setting, including but not limited to:(B)
a. Chemotherapy
b. Home pain management
c. Nutrition therapy
d. Congestive heart therapy
e. Antibiotic therapy
*Observe for an infected or otherwise complicated venous access point(M)
*Demonstrate proper tracheotomy care.(M)
*Demonstrate the insertion of a new inner cannula and/ or the use of an endotracheal tube to temporarily maintain an airway in a tracheostomy patient.(M)
*Demonstrate proper technique for drawing blood from a central venous line.(M)
*Demonstrate the method of accessing vascular access devices found in the home health care setting.(M)

XX. Life Span Development
Unit Objective: At the completion of this unit, the paramedic student will be able to integrate the physiological, psychological, and sociological changes throughout human development with assessment and communication strategies for patients of all ages.
*Compare the physiological and psychosocial characteristics of an infant with those of an early adult.(C)
*Compare the physiological and psychosocial characteristics of a toddler with those of an early adult.(C)
*Compare the physiological and psychosocial characteristics of a pre-school child with those of an early adult.(C)
*Compare the physiological and psychosocial characteristics of a school-aged child with those of an early adult.(C)
*Compare the physiological and psychosocial characteristics of an adolescent with those of an early adult.(C)
*Summarize the physiological and psychosocial characteristics of an early adult.(C)
*Compare the physiological and psychosocial characteristics of a middle aged adult with those of an early adult.(C)
*Compare the physiological and psychosocial characteristics of a person in late adulthood with those of an early adult.(C)
*Value the uniqueness of infants, toddlers, pre-school, school aged, adolescent, early adulthood, middle aged, and late adulthood physiological and psychosocial characteristics.(B)

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